gy];jPd
kz;zpy; njhlHe;J nfhLikfs; ,lk; ngw;W tUfpd;wd. A+j rpNahdpr mur me;jg;
G+kpapd; ike;jHfis gLnfhiy nra;J tUfpd;wJ. jq;fSf;F gy];jPd kz;zpy; XH mq;Fy
chpik $l ghuhl;l Kbahj epiyapy; rpNahdp];Lfs; me;j kz;zpd; xU gFjpia mgfhpj;J
,];Nuy; vdg; ngaH #l;bf; nfhz;ldH. ,d;W ,tHfs; mgfhpj;j G+kpia tp];jhpf;f
gaq;futhjj;ij KLf;fp tpl;Ls;shHfs;.
vdpDk;
cyfk; Vkhe;J NghAs;sJ. jhd; ,oe;j G+kpia kPl;fg; NghuhLk; gy];jPdg; Nghuhspfis
gaq;futhjpfs; vd miof;fpwJ. ,J mnkhpf;fh fw;Wf; nfhLj;j ghlk;. ,e;jg; ghlg;
NghjidapypUe;J tpLgl;L epahakhf rpejpf;fj; jtWNthH jkJ epahaq;fSf;fhf epaha
topapy; epd;W Nghuhl Kbahj epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLtH.
vdNt>
gaq;futhjk; vd;why; vd;d> ahH gaq;futhjp vd;gtw;iw tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
gy];jPd; gw;wpa cz;ikfs; rpytw;iw tuyhw;wpypUe;J njhpe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
gy];jPd
kf;fs; jahfnkhd;W ,d;wp jtpj;jtHfs; my;yH. mLj;jthpd; nrhj;ij mgfhpj;J jd;
nrhHf;fGhpia mikj;Jf; nfhs;s NghuhbatHfSk; my;yH. mtHfSf;Fj; njhd;ik kpf;f
tuyhnwhd;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ. me;j tuyhW gyUf;F njhpahjjhy; A+j rpNahdp]thjpfs;
gy];jPid jdjhf;fpf; nfhs;s gpd;fjtpid Clhf gpuNtrpj;J mf;fpukk; Ghpe;J
tUfpd;wdH.
A+j CLUty;fs;
gy];jPd
kf;fspd; %jhijaHfs; aG+]paH vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wdH. fp.K. 4000 Mz;lstpy; tho;e;j
mtHfs; Fj;]; efiu epHkhzpj;jtHfshtH. gy];jPdpd; G+HtPf nrhe;jf;fhuHfshd mtHfs;
gy];jPdpd; G+HtPf nrhe;jf;fhuHfshd mtHfs; cUthf;fpg; gpd;gw;wpa guk;giu xOq;F
mtHfspd;> gpd; re;jjpapduhd gy];jPd; muGf;fshy; $l kpfr; rpwg;ghfg;
gpd;gw;wpajw;F Vuhskhd tuyhw;Wr; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.
me;j
xOq;if rpije;J rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;Fk; tifapy; fp.K.1300 mstpy; A+jHfs; (%]h egpapd;
r%fk;) Kjd; Kjyhf gy];jPDs; gpuNtrpf;fpd;whHfs;. RkhH 200 tUl fhyk; gy
rHr;irfspy; <Lgl;l mtHfs; ,Wjpapy; mq;F tho;tjw;fhd topia mikj;Jf;
nfhs;fpwhHfs;.
vdpDk;
mtHfsJ me;j tho;T ntFfhyk; ePbf;ftpy;iy. fp.K.8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; mq;F gpuNtrpj;j
m]Phpag; gilfSk;> fp.K. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;by; mq;F te;j ghgpNyhdpa kd;dhd
e];]hpd; gilfSk; KiwNa A+jHfis tpul;babj;J tpl;L muG kf;fis kPsf; FbNawr;
nra;fpd;wd. e];]hpd; gilfs; xU gb Kd;Nd nrd;W igj;Jy; Kfj;ji] cilj;J tpl;L.
Riykhd; (miy) mtHfs; epHkhzpj;j i`f;fy; Riykhdp vDk; NfhapiyAk;
jiukl;lkhf;fpdH.
gpd;dH
<uhdpa Ml;rp tpahgpj;j NghJ A+jHfs; kPz;Lk; gy];jPdpy; te;J FbNawpdH.
mj;Jld; i`f;fy; Riykhdp vDk; NfhapiyAk; epHkhzpj;jdH.
Mdhy;
mtHfsJ Jujp\;lk; me;jg; GJtho;T RkhH 300 my;yJ 400 tUlq;fSf;F Nky;
epiyf;ftpy;iy. mjw;Ff; fhuzkhNdhH mtHfNs. mjhtJ gy];jPdpy; te;J FbakHe;j
A+jHfs; fp.gp.70 y; Nuhk rhk;uh[;aj;jpw;F vjpuhff; fpsHr;rp nra;a Muk;gpj;jdH.
,jd; tpisthf igj;Jy; Kfj;jp]{k;> Riykhd; NfhapYk; mopf;fg;gl;ld. A+jHfs;
midtUk; ntspNaw;wg;gl;ldH. kPz;Lk; mq;F tho;e;j mugpaH kPskHj;jg;gl;ldH.
,];yhkpa Ml;rpf;Fs;..!
gpd;dH
gy];jPid NuhkHfsplkpUe;J fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fhyj;jpy; kPl;nlLf;fg;gl;l NghJ
Nuhk ig]he;jpa gilapdH n[&]yj;jpd; jpwTNfhis ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; ifaspj;j
Kiw tuyhw;W rpwg;G kpf;f epfo;r;rpahfj; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; gpd;dUk;
,ilapilNa fpwp];jt CLUty;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd. rpYit Aj;jq;fSk; epfo;e;jd. Kbtpy;
Ry;jhd; ]yh`{j;jPd; ma;A+gp (u`;) mtHfs; gy];jPid Koikahf tpLtpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.
,ilf;fhyj;jpy;
gyuJ ,ilA+WfSf;F kj;jpapy; ,];yhkpa tl;lj;ij jhz;lhj gy];jPd;> JUf;fpa
rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; xU gFjpahf filrp fyPgh Ry;jhd; mg;Jy; `kPj; fhd; mtHfspd;
Ml;rpapDs; mikag; ngw;wpUe;jJ.
A+jHfSf;F K];ypk;fspilNa mikjp
,Nj
rk fhyj;jpy; A+jHfs; jkf;nfd xU ehL> jiytd;> r%f mikg;G vJTk; ,y;yhky;
cynfq;Fk; rpjwp thOk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,e;j epiyapy; $l mtHfshy;
mikjpahf tho Kbe;jJ K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rpg; gFjpapy; khj;jpuNk. Fwpg;ghf
];ngapdpy; ,];yhkpa Ml;rp ,Ue;j 800 tUl fhykk; mtHfs; epk;kjpahf tho;e;jdH
vd;gJ mtHfNs xg;Gf; nfhz;l tplak;.
A+jHfs;
kpfTk; Gdpjkhd rpd;dkhf fUJk; mOk; RtH (The
Wailing Wall) $l K];ypk;fsJ
ey;nyz;zk; fhuzkhfNt kPz;Lk; fpilj;jJ vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mJ gw;wp mtHfNs
Fwpg;gpLjhtJ>
mOk;
RtH Muk;gj;jpy; ghhpa Fg;ig $oq;fshy; rpf;Fz;bUe;jJ. vtUf;Fk; mJ gw;wpa
milahsk; $l njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. fp.gp.16 k; E}w;whz;by; Ry;jhd; ]yPk; c];khd;
mtHfSf;F jw;nrayhf ,r;RtH gw;wpa vz;zk; Vw;gl;lJ. vdNt mt;tplj;ij Rj;jk; nra;J
A+jHfSf;F mjidj; jhprpg;gjw;F mDkjpAk; toq;fpdH. News
from Israel Bombay – 01.07.1967.
fpwp];jtf; nfhLikfs;
,Nj
Ntis INuhg;gpa fpwp];jt ehLfNsh A+jHfis gy nfhLikfSf;F Mshf;fpa tuyhw;iwg;
ghHf;f KbfpwJ. RkhH 2000 Mz;Lfs; tiu A+jHfs; fpwp];jthpd; nfhLikfSf;F Mshfp
te;Js;sdH. n[Hkdpapy; 1933 - 1945 fhyg; gFjpapy; `pl;yhpd; nfhLikfSf;F Mshd
A+jHfSs; RkhH 60 yl;rk; NgH rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;L ,we;Js;sdH. ,J kl;Lky;y>
cyfpy; rpjwp tho;e;j mtHfSf;F vk; ehl;by; ,lkspj;J thor; nra;Nthk; vd ve;j
Nkw;fj;jpa ehLk; Kd;tutpy;iy. ,jw;F A+jHfspd; ,aw;ifahd Nghf;Fk; xU fhuzNk.
A+j ehL gw;wpa rpe;jid
,tHfsJ
epiy ,g;gb njhlUk; NghJ fp.gp.1896 y; jpNahlH n`H];y; (Theodor
Herzl 1860-1904) vd;nwhU ehlf
vOj;jhsH A+j kf;fSf;F xU jhafk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpthpj;J Der
Judenstaat (A+j ehL) vd;w
jiyg;gpy; xU E}iy vOjpdhH. fp.gp.1897 y; Kjypy; 6 A+j jdte;jHfs; ,tuJ E}ypd;
fUj;Jf;fis Muha;e;jdH. gpd;dH Rtpl;rHyhe;jpy; 29-31/8/1897 y; $ba A+j mwpQHfs; kw;Wk; jdte;jHfs;
204 NgH jq;fSf;F gy];jPdpy; xU jhafk; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbntLj;jdH.
cyf
A+j fhq;fpu]; (The World Jewish Congress) vd mioj;Jf; nfhz;l mtHfs; ,j;jpl;lj;ij
Ie;J tUlj;jpy; epiwNtw;Wjtjhf KbntLj;jdH. vg;gbAk; 50 tUlq;fis kPwhj ,jd; fhy
vy;iy vd;gJ mtHfsJ jplkhd KbT.
,ijj;
njhlHe;J ,j;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j gzk; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf A+jHfspd; Njrpa epjp (Jewish
National Fund) vd;nwhU epjpaj;ij
Muk;gpj;jdH. tl;b topapd; %yKk; cldbf; fhR nfhLg;gjd; %yKk; epyk; thq;fntd epy
tq;fp (Land Bank) xd;iw Muk;gpj;jdH. mNjhL jkf;nfd `Pg;W nkhopapyhd Njrpa
fPjnkhd;iwAk; cUthf;fpdH. jkpopy; ek;gpf;if vd;w fUj;ij jUk; mjd; `Pg;U ngaH Hatikvah vd;gjhFk;. ,itaidj;ijAk; M];jphpa
ehl;ilr; NrHe;j jpNahlH `H];y; vd;gtNu Vw;ghL nra;jhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
,ijj;
njhlhe;J cyf ehLfspypUe;J gy];jPd; Nehf;fp A+jHfs; tuyhapdH. mjd;gb 1917 y;
gy];jPdpd; rdj;njhif K];ypk;fs; 567>000> A+jHfs; 70>000 kw;Wk;
fpwp];jtHfs; 63>000 vd;whapw;W. mNj Ntis cyf kfh Aj;jk; KbTw;W 1917 y;
gy];jPd; gphpl;ldpd; fPo; mike;j ehlhf khwpaJld; mtHfsJ gilAk; mq;F te;J
Ftpe;jJ.
gphpl;ldpd; rjp
mg;nghOJ
gphpl;ldpd; ntspehl;Lr; tptfhuq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd nrayhsuhf ,Ue;j MjH ngy;/gH
vd;gtH xU gpufldj;ij ntspapl;lhH. mJ 1917 etk;gH 2 Mk; Njjp ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
me;jg; gpufldj;ij ntspapl gphpl;b\; muRf;Fj; njhlHe;J J}z;Ljy; toq;ftpatH
nrapk; nta;];Nkd; (Chaim Weisman 1874-1952) vd;w u\;a A+juhthH. ,tH A+j – rpadp] mikg;gpd; 1948-1952 fhyg; gphptpd; jiytuhthH. ,];Nuy;
cUthd gpd n[&]yk; `Pg;U gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jiytuhfTk; flikahw;wpdhH.
,e;j
ngy;/gH gpufldj;jpd; Kf;fpa gFjp ,t;thW NgRfpwJ :
A+jHfSf;F
gy];jPdpy; xU Njrpaj; jhafk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,q;fpyhe;J muR kpfTk;
ghpTld; ftdpf;fpwJ. ,jid Vw;gLj;j vy;yh Kaw;rpfisAk; ,q;fpyhe;J Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
mNjNtis ,g;NghJ mq;Nf FbapUf;Fk; A+jHfsy;yhj kf;fSila nghJthd chpikfSf;Nfh>
kj chpikfSf;Nfh gq;fk; tuhJ ghHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;!.
,e;jg;
gpufldk; gy];jPdpy; gpwe;J tho;e;J tUk; K];ypk;fis ,uz;lhk; ju gpui[ vd;w
epiyikf;Fj; js;SfpwJ. mj;Jld; ,d;Dk; Ml;rpNah> ehNlh> r%f mikg;Ngh ngwhj
A+jHfs; Kjy; epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gLtij mq;fPfhpf;fpwJ.
,ijj;
njhlHe;J gphpl;ldpd; vy;yh tifahd cjtp xj;jhirfSlDk;> mtHfsJ gilgyj;JlDk;
A+jHfs; gy ehLfspypUe;J te;J FbNawyhapdH. Muk;gj;jpy; mtHfs; mikjp fhg;gtHfs;
Nghy; te;jhYk;> ntF rPf;fpj;jpy; mtHfs; gaq;futhjpfshapdH. mtHfSs; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l
,U gaq;futhj mikg;Gfshd ,Hfk;> `fhdhj; vd;git K];ypk;fis nfhiy nra;tij jkJ
,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;L nraw;gl;ld.
1948
[dthp MFk; NghJ K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd 400f; Fk; mjpfkhd fpuhkq;fs; A+j
rpNahdp]thjpfs; trkhapd. mtw;wpy; tho;e;j K];ypk;fSk; ngUk;ghNyhH nfhiy
nra;ag;gl;lJld; vQ;rpatHfs; mfjpfshapdH.
,j;jifa
nfhLikfs; epfo;e;J tUk; NghJ kWgf;fk; A+j ehL cUthf;fg;gLtjw;fhd mwpf;iffs;
kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;ld.
mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; gphpl;ld; MjuT
fp.gp.1922
y; mnkhpf;fh mjd; ,U rigfspYk; A+jHfSf;fhd xU ehL gy];jPd; kz;zpy; miktjw;F
Mjuthd $l;Lj; jPHkhdq;fis epiwNtw;wpaJ. mg;NghJ mnkhpf;fh gd;dhl;Lr; rig apy;
mq;fj;Jt ehlhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;jepiyapy; me;j jPHkhdq;fis fp.gp.1924 y;
eilngw;w Mq;fpNyh mnkhpf;fh khehL xd;wpy; rkHg;gpj;J mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lJ.
1939-5-17
y; gphpl;ldpd; fhydpj;Jt ehLfs; njhlHghd tptfhuq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;gjpfhhpahd
nky;fk; nkf;nlhdhy;l; vd;gtH rkHg;gpj;j nts;isawpf;if xd;wpy; ,d;Dk; 10
Mz;LfSs; jkJ ehL A+jHfisAk; gy];jPd muG kf;fisAk; nfhz;l Rje;jpu gy];jPd;
ehnlhd;iw mikf;Fk; Mty; nfhz;Ls;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
,J
cz;ikapy; gy];jPidf; $W NghLk; jpl;lkhFk;. KOf;f KOf;f gy];jPd kf;fSf;Fr;
nrhe;jkhd gy];jPd kf;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd gy];jPd;> te;NjW Fbfshd A+jHfSf;Fk;
gq;F itf;Fk; epiy ,jd; %yk; cUthfpwJ. ,t;twpf;if ntspaplg;gl;l NghJ gy];jPdpy;
FbNawpapUe;j ntspehl;L A+jHfs; vz;zpf;if 445>000 MFk;.
cz;ikapy;
gy];jPd; Jz;lhlg;gLtjpy; Muk;gk; Kjy; ,Wjptiu KO %r;rhf A+jHfs; rhHghf <LghL
nfhz;l ehL gphpl;ld; vd;gij vtUk; kWf;f KbahJ. cyfpd; gy ehLfspy; gpur;rpidfs;
gy Njhd;Wtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJk; gphpl;lNd!
I.eh.rigapd; Nghf;F
If;fpa
ehLfs; rig mjd; nghJr; rigapy; epiwNtw;wpa vz; 181(II) jPHkhdj;jpw;nfhg;g 1947 etk;gH 29 k;
ehs; gy];jPd G+kp mjd; G+HtPff; Fbfshd gy];jPdUf;Fk; (45.53%) epyk;> vq;Nfh ,Ue;J te;j
A+jHfSf;Fk; (56.47% epyk;) ,ilapy; gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gLtij mq;fPfhpj;jJ.
mj;Jld; n[&]yk; efH rHtNjrkakha; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mj;jPHkhdk; $wpw;W.
,J
Ieh rigapd; mg;gl;lkhd JnuhfkhFk;. mJ mjd; mq;fj;Jt ehLfs; kj;jpapy; epahakhf
elf;f Ntz;bapUf;f gy];jPd; tptfhuj;jpy; gLNkhrkhf ele;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. fh\;kPH>
fpof;F jpNkhH kw;Wk; ehLfspYk; ,];Nuy; cUthd gpd; ,d;W tiuapYk; I.eh. rigapd;
Nghf;F epahak; jtwpa topapNyNa mike;Js;sJ. ,jid K];ypk;fspd; ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa
rignadf; nfhs;tJ tp\g; ghk;ig fOj;jpy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L capuhgj;J tuhJ vd
epidg;gjw;F xg;ghd nrayhFk;.
A+j ehL cjak;
,t;thW
gy];jPid Jz;lhl fgl ehlfq;fs; muq;Nfwp tUk; Ntis> gy];jPdpy; epiynfhz;L
mf;fpukk; Ghpe;J te;j gphpl;b\; gilfs; thg]; ngw;Wr; nry;Yk; fhyk; neUq;fp
te;jJ. mtHfs; nry;y Ntz;ba fhyk; 1948 [dthp khjkhFk;. vdpDk; rpw;rpy
fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b me;j fhy vy;iyia gpw;Nghl;L 1948-5-14 y; nry;tjw;F Maj;jkhdJ.
mjd;gb
me;jj; jpdj;jpy; gphpl;b\; gil thg]; ngwg;gl;lJ. md;W tiu gphpl;b\; J}Jtuhf
gy];jPdpy; flikahw;wpa rH.myd; fd;dpd;fk; (Sir
Alam Canningham) vd;gtUk; jd;
jha;ehL jpUk;gpdhH. md;wpuT 10 kzpastpy; A+j Njrpa rig ,uz;Lk; ,ize;J ,];Nuy;
vd;nwhU ehL cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij cyFf;F mwptpj;jd. md;W mjd; [dhjpgjpahf
]hapk; nta;];Nkd;Dk;> gpujkuhf Nltpl; ngd; FhpaDk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH.
,g;gb
gy];jPd; Jz;lhlg;gLtij md;W 56 ehLfspd; eyd;fis ftdpf;fntd cUthf;fg;gl;l I.eh.
rig 33 MjuT thf;FfSld; mq;fPfhpj;J 13 ehLfs; vjpHj;J thf;fspj;jd. 10 ehLfs;
thf;fspg;gpy; fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy.
mq;fPfhuq;fs;
,];Nuy;
cUthfp rpy epkplq;fspy; mij mq;fPfhpj;J MrpHtjpj;jhH mnkhpf;fhtpd; md;iwa
[dhjpgjp l;&nkd;. mLj;J mij mq;fPfhpj;j ehL Nrhtpaj; A+dpadhFk;. mJ
18-5-1948 y; eilngw;wJ. mijaLj;J 25-01-1949 y; ,];Nuypa NjHjy; ,lk; ngw;W XH
muR cUthdTld;> mNj khjk; 31 y; mnkhpf;f muR mjw;F Kiwahd mq;fPfhuk;
toq;fpaJ.
,];Nuypa
ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F ne];]l; vdg; ngahplg;gl;lJ. ,ijj; njhlHe;J Vuhskhd rHtNjr
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspy; I.eh. rig> mnkhpf;fh> gphpl;ld; Mfpat;wpd;
rpghhpRld; mq;fj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mLj;J 10 Mz;LfSf;Fs; 63 ehLfs; mjw;F
mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpd.
,d;W
,];Nuy; cyfpd; gyk; tha;e;j ehnlhd;whf ghpzkpj;Js;sJ. me;j epiyf;F mijf; nfhz;L
tUtjpy; mnkhpf;f muR mjpf rpuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. cs;@u mnkhpf;fhTf;F kj;jpa
fpof;fpy; jdJ epiyahd Mjpf;fj;ij itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ jhd; gpujhd
fhuzpahFk;.
A+j rpadprj;jpd; ,yl;rpaq;fs;
,];Nuypd;
- A+j rpNahdp]j;jpd; Mjpf;f ntwpg;ghijapy; mJ mila tpUk;Gk; ,d;Dk; gy mk;rq;fs;
cs;sd. mtw;iw ,g;gb tFj;J Nehf;fyhk;.
gue;J
tphpe;j A+j uh[;[pankhd;iw epWTtJ> mjd; vy;iyf;Fs; jw;NghJ jd;Ds; itj;Jf;
nfhz;Ls;s fh]h> Nfhyhd; Fd;Wg; gFjpfSld; rCjp mNugpahtpd; kjPdh cs;gl ngUk;
gFjp> <uhf;fpd; 90% gFjp> Fitj;> rphpah>
Juf;fpapd; xU gFjp> N[hHlhd;> nygdhd;> rpdha; ghiytdk;> vfpg;jpd;
xU gFjp vd;gdTk; mlq;Fk;. ,ij rpNahdp] mikg;G ghk;G tl;lkpl;ljhf tiue;J
fhz;gpj;Js;sJ.
k];[pJy;
mf;]hit jiukl;lkhf;fp tpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; mtHfs; fdT fhZk; I`f;fy; Riykhdpia
epHkhzpg;gJ.
n[U]yk;
,];Nuypd; jiyefuhf;FtJ
,tw;iw
miltJld; ,Wjpahf mtHfs; mila tpUk;Gk; ,yf;F ,e;j cyif mtHfspd; gpbf;Fs; nfhz;L
tUtjhFk;. mjd; %yk; nghUshjhu Nehf;fj;ij epiwT nra;tjhFk;.
cyf
A+j mikg;gpd; jiytH nef;`{k; Nfhy;l;Nkd; (Nechum Goldman) vd;gtH fdlhtpy;
eilngw;w xU khehl;by; mij ,g;gb tpthpf;fpwhH.
A+jhpd; ,Wjp ,yf;F!
A+jHfs;
jt;uhj; Ntjj;jpYk; jkJ kjj;jpdJk; caHT fUjp gy];jPid jkJ ehlhf;fpf; nfhs;s
epidf;ftpy;iy. mjd; flw;gug;gpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; fdpg; nghUl;fs; %yk; tUlk;
xd;Wf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; %d;W gpy;ypad; lhyHfSf;fhfNth> mnkhpf;fhit tplTk; 20
klq;F mjpfkhd vz;nza; Nrkpg;igf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nlh gy];jPidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s
ehltpy;iy. khwhf> gy];jPd; Inuhg;gh> Mrpah> Mg;hpf;fh Mfpa gue;j
G+kpfSf;fpilapyhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijapy; mike;jpUg;gJk;> vy;yh tifahd cyf
rf;jpfSf;fpilapy; kj;jpaj;jskhff mike;jpUg;gJk;> gzg; Gof;fj;jpd; Nfe;jpu
];jhdkhf mike;jpUg;gJk; jhd; gy];jPid ekJ ehlhf Mf;fpf; nfhz;lj;d Nehf;fk;
MFk;. (Hamas, The Historical Roots The Pact,
page 16).
,];yhkpag; Nghuhl;lk;
cz;ikapy;
A+j rpadp]thjpfs; ,d;W nra;J tUtJk; ,dp nra;ag; NghtJk; ,e;j ,yf;if mile;J
nfhs;tjw;fhd nfhLQ; nrayhFk;. ,ilapilNa x];Nyh xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk;> Nfk;g;
Nltpl; vd;W tUk; xg;ge;jq;fSk;> kw;Wk; rkhjhd Vw;ghLfSk; mtHfs; jk;ik
];jpug;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;> njhlHe;J cyFf;Fj; njhy;iy juTk; cjTNk jtpu NtW
ve;j Kd;Ndw;wKk; epahaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tuNt tuhJ.
,e;epiyapy;
,d;W ,];yhkpa mikg;Gf;fs; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; rj;jpa topapyhd Nghuhl;lj;ijj;
jtpu gy];jPid kPl;nlLf;f NtW topapy;iy. mj;jifa Nghul;lnkhd;iw> jhk; ,oe;jij
kPsg; ngw vLf;fg;gLk; Kaw;rpfis gaq;futhjk; vd vtUk; nrhy;tuhapd;> mtH
vt;tsT J}uk; mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa Clfq;fs; %yk; %isr; ryit
nra;ag;gl;Ls;shH vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
`kh]; : rpy tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfs;
XH
,dk; eRf;fg;gLk; NghJ eRf;fg;gl;ltHfs; midtUk; xd;W NrHfpwhHfs;. ,e;j
xd;wpizg;G XH mikg;gpidAk; xU jiyikj;Jtj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpd;wJ.
,g;gbj;jhd; `kh]; ,af;fj;jpd; Njhw;wKkhFk;. vy;yh ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; mit cUthtjw;fhd
fhuzq;fSk; #oYk; cz;L. `kh]; mJ nfhz;L ngaiug; NghyNt ,];uNtyH gwpj;njLj;j
jha;epyjij kPl;nlLg;gjw;fhd ,];yhkpa vjpHg;G ,af;fkhFk;. ,];yhkpa vjpHg;G
,af;fk; vd;Dk; nghUs; jUk; `ufJy; KfhtkJy; ,];yhkpa;ah vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;.
Njhw;wk; :
`kh];
mikg;G rl;lG+Htkhf ,];Nuypy; 1978 y; N\f; m`;kj; ah]Pd; mtHfshy; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;ljhFk;. mg;NghJ my; k[;k/ my; ,];yhkp vDk; ngahpy; ,];yhkpa Nghjidfs;
kw;Wk; r%f NritfSf;fhd mikg;ghfNt ,aq;fp te;jJ. ,jdhy; epiwa MhtyHfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. ,J ,e;jpghohTf;F Ke;jpa fl;lkhFk;. 1988 y; ,J `kh]; vd;W
miof;fg;glyhapw;W. 1989 y; `kh]; ,d;jpghohit mwpKfg;gLj;jpa mr;rkak; jdJ
gazj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpw;F mJ efHe;jpUf;fpwJ.
,uz;lhk;
fl;lj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfshd ,];Nuiy Maj hPjpahf vjpHj;jJ. ,jidNa mJ ,d;jpghoh
vd miof;fpwJ. ,];yhkpa gy];jPid cUthf;Ftjpy; Majg; Nghuhl;lj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba jtpHf;f Kbahj epHg;ge;jj;jpw;F mJ cs;shfpaJ.
`kh];
tisFlh Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ gaq;futhj eltbf;ifapid vjpHj;J gy];jPdpYk; ,];Nuypd;
cs;Sk; ,aq;Fk; Kd;dzp mikg;ghFk;. ,d;W gjh`; ,af;fj;jpw;Fg;gpd;
Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfis vjpHg;gjpy; mjpf gyk; kpf;fjhFk;.
mjd;
tsHr;rpf; fl;lj;jpy; jw;nfhiyahspfis mwpKfk; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. jw;nfhiy vd;gij tpl
\`Pj;fs; vd;W miog;gNj kpfg; nghUj;jkhFk;. \`Pj;fs; vDk; NghJ vkf;Fk;
mtHfSf;Fkpilapyhd XH Mj;kPf cwT neUf;fj;ijf; fhz KbfpwJ.
`kh]pd; jiyikj;Jtk; :
`kh]pd;
];jhgfH N\f; m`;kj; ah]Pd; mtHfNs 1989 tiu jiyik tfpj;J te;jhHfs;. ,Ue;Jk;
mtHfNs `kh]; ,af;fj;jpd; Mj;kPfj; je;ijahf ,Ue;J tUfpwhHfs;. ntspaPLfs;>
epjp> tpahghuk;> ntspehl;L cwT> mj;JkPwy;> gaq;futhj eltbf;iffs;
vd;gtw;iw Nkw;ghHit nra;jy; Mfpad N\f; m`;kj; ah]Pd; jiyikapy; eilngw;wd. N\f;
ah]pd; mtHfs; 1936 y; N[huh vDk; fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;J> 14 tajpy; cijge;jhl;lj;jpy;
xU fhy; fhaKw mf;fhypdhy; vijAk; nra;a KbahJ NghdJ. caHfy;tp jifikNahL MrphpaH
njhopypy; <Lgl;ltH> vfpg;jpy; jiyikaplkhf; nfhz;L ,aq;fp te;j ,`;thDy;
K];ypkPdpd; mq;fj;Jtj;ij 1955 y; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. 1966 y; rpiwthrk;
mDgtpj;jhH. N\f; mtHfs; rpiwgpbf;fg;gl;L 1984 y; ,];Nuypa murhq;fj;jpd; ifjpfs;
ghpkhWk; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhH.
mLj;j
jiyikj;Jtj;jpid %]h K`k;kj; mG+ kH]{f; mtHfs; Vw;whHfs;. mG+ kH]{f; 1951 y; fh]h
gs;sj;jhf;fpy; cs;s ugh`; mfjpKfhkpy; gpwe;jtH. vfpg;jpy; nghwpapay; gbg;gpidKbj;Jf; nfhz;L fh]hTf;F
te;jhH. m`;kj; ah]pd; mtHfSld; neUq;fpa njhlHG nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhH. 1988 y;
`kh]; cUthFk; NghJ mjd; Muk;g mq;fj;jtHfSs; xUtuhfTk; ,Ue;jtH.
mnkhpf;fhtpy;
1981-82 fhyg;gFjpapy; nghwpapaiyj; njhlHe;Jk; gapYk; NghJ jdJ FLk;gj;NjhL
NtH[Pdpah Nghy;]; y; tho;e;J te;jhH. 1989 y; `kh]pd; murpay; gphpTf;Fj;
jiytuhdhH. KbntLg;gjpYk; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;JtjpYk; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwhH. mG+
%]h 1995 [{iy 25 y; mnkhpf;fhtpy; itj;Jf; ifjhdhH. mnkhpf;f ePjpgjpfs; Nk 1996
y;> ,];NuYf;F ehL flj;Jtjw;fhd jPHkhdj;ij epiwNtw;wpdH. vdpDk; mtH
N[hHjhDf;Nf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhH. ,J Nk 1997 y; epfo;e;jJ. ,it xd;Wk; mtuJ
,];yhkpa elj;ijiaAk;> ,af;fj;ijAk; jLf;ftpy;iy. mit NkYk; NkYk; cWjpiaAk;
kdtypikiaAk; toq;fpAs;sd.
`kh]{k; mjd; fl;likg;Gk;
cs;sff; fl;likg;G :
,JNt j/th> mwpT tpUj;jp vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ
,d;jpghohTld;
$ba [duQ;rf nraw;ghL
ghJfhg;G :
,J mk;d; vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gphpT re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhd eltbf;iffs; njhlHghf
jfty;fs; jpul;b mjid mjpHr;rpf; FO tplk; xg;gilf;fpwJ. mJ mt;tpraj;ij tprhhpj;J
re;Njfj;Jf;fplkhf ele;J nfhs;gtH njhlHgpy; eltbf;if vLf;fpwJ.
ntspaPLfs; :
,J my;,/yhk; vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ. nra;jpkly;> gug;Giu> cj;jpNahfg;G+Ht
mwpf;iffs; vd;gtw;iw ntspapLfpwJ.
,uhZg;gphpT
my;
K[h`pJ}d; my; gy];jPdpA+d; vDk; ngahpy; ,uhZtg; gphpit `kh]; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,JNt
,];Nuypa ,uhZtj;jpd; epiyfisj; jhf;fp tUfpwJ. ,g;gphpT 1982 y;
cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,e;jpghohNthL ,J tp];jhpf;fg;gl;L njhlHe;NjHr;irahd
jhf;Fjy;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld Fwpg;ghf fh]hg; gFjpapd; tlgFjpapNy mjpf
jhf;Fjy;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.
my;k[;j; vDk; ghJfhg;Gg; gphpT
1986
y; mk;d; gphpT 1986 y; N\f; ah]Pd; mtHfshy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,];yhk;
jilnra;j Nghijg; nghUl;fs;> Nkhrb Nghd;wtw;wpy; <LgLNthiu
fz;fhzpg;gjw;nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l ,t;tzp gpd;dH K[h`pJfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.
,`;thd;fSldhd fUj;jpay; cwT
`kh];
fUj;jpaypYk;> topKiwfspYk; vfpg;jpy; ,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh`; (u`;) Njhw;Wtpj;j
,`;thDy; K];ypkPd; vDk; ,];yhkpa ,af;fj;jpid xj;jjhFk;. ,];yhkpag; gy];jPd;
cUthFk; tiu `kh]{k; ,Uf;Fk;. eRf;fg;gl;ltHfs; Ml;rpf;F tUthHfs;. mtHfs;
ePjpiaAk; kdpjj;ijAk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; Vw;gLj;JthHfs;.
ahH ,e;j ah]pH mughj;?
K`k;kj;
vd;w ,aw;ngaiuf; nfhz;l ahrpH mughj; Mf];L 01> 1929 k; Mz;L gpwe;jhH.
n[&]yk; efhpy; gpwe;jjhfTk; mtH Fwpg;gpl;lhYk; mtH gpwg;ghy; vfpg;jpd;
jiyefH nfa;Nuhitr; NrHe;jtH vd;w fUj;Jk; cz;L. nfa;Nuh gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
nghwpapay; gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;jhH. 1948 y; gy];jPd; - ,];Nuy; gpsTf;F Kd;dNu
gy];jPDf;Fs; Majq;fisf; flj;jpf; nfhz;L tUk; Ntiyiar; nra;J te;jhH.
1956
y; my;gjh`; ,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;jhH. ,t;tpaf;fk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Gjpjpy;
vfpg;J> rphpah> N[hHjhd; Nghd;w ehLfs; mjw;F MjuT toq;ftpy;iy. 1968 y;
K];ypk; ehLfs; gytw;wpd; MjuTld; gy];jPd tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpd; jiytuhdhH. RkhH 20
tUlq;fshf ,];Nuy; kPJ kpf cf;fpukkhd jhf;Fjy;fis mughj;jpd; elj;jpaJ. ,J
njhlHghf mg;NghJ ,];Nuypd; ghJfhg;G mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jtUk;> jw;nghOJ gpujkuhf
cs;stUkhd Vhpay; N\Nuhd; (1995) Fwpg;gpLifapy;>
eh]pfSf;Fg;
gpd;dH mughj;ij tpl A+jHfspd; ,uj;jj;ijg; G+rpf; nfhz;l NtW xUtiu vdf;Fj;
njhpahJ vd;whd;.
MdhYk;
1988 y; ,];Nuiy ,iwikAs;s murhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf mwptpj;J KO K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd;
kPJk; fhpG+rp> gy];jPdg; Nghuhl;lj;ijNa nfhr;irg;gLj;jpdhH. mJtiuf;Fk;
gy];jPdg; gaq;futhjj;jpahfj; njhpe;j mughj;> ntFtpiutpy; mnkhpf;fh Kjypa
ehLfSf;F neUq;fp ez;guhdhH.
1993
y; ,];Nuypag; gpujkH apl;]f; ugpDld; X];Nyh xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnfOj;jpl;L Gdpj
G+kpia ,];NuYf;Fj; jhiu thHj;J tpl;L 1996 y; gy];jPdpd; Nkw;Ff; fiu> kw;Wk;
fh]h it cs;slf;fpa gy];jPd mjpfhu rigapd; [dhjpgjp MdhH. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ijr;
nra;J nfhz;ljd; %yk;> mughj;> apl;]f; uhgpd;> ,];Nuypd;
ntspehl;likr;rH \pNkhd; ngu]; MfpNahUf;F 1994 k; Mz;L rkhjhdj;Jf;fhd Nehgy;
ghpR fpilj;jJ. x];Nyh xg;ge;jj;ij Kd;dpd;W elj;jpa ehL NehHNt vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
gy];jPd
mjpfhu rig Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH tpLjiyf;fhfg; NghuhLk; K[h`pJfs; kPjhd
mughj;jpd; mbahl;fsJ nfLgpbfs; mjpfkhapd. K[h`pJfisf; ifJ nra;jy;> mtHfs;
gw;wp jfty;fis ,];NuypaHfSf;F toq;Fjy; Nghd;w ifq;fhpaq;fs; gy];jPd mjpfhu
rigapd; ,];Nuypa tpRthrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wd. vd;d jhd;
Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfSf;F ,ire;J ele;j NghJk; mz;ikapy; muhgj;Jf;F Vw;gl;l ifaW
epiyia KO cyfKk; fz;L nfhz;lJ.
mJ
,iwtdpd; jpUtrdj;ij nka;gpg;gjhf cs;sJ> ,j;jifNahUf;F ,k;ikapYk; Ntjid>
kWikapYk; mtHfSf;F Ntjid jhd;..!
ghy];jPd kz;zpypUe;J.. ..!
xU fz;zPHf; fbjk; !
m];]yhK
miyf;Fk; tu`;kJy;yh`p tguf;fhJ`{.
my;yh`;Tf;Nf
vy;yhg; GfOk;.
mtDf;Nf
ed;wpfsidj;Jk;. vk;ik mtd; tPu kuzj;jpw;nfd;Nw NjHe;njLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mJ
XuUs;. mtd; mUs;fis vk;kPJ nghope;jhd;. ed;wpfs;..> ed;wpfs;..> midj;Jk;
cdf;Nf ah my;yh`;!
cynfq;Fk;
gue;J thOk; ,];yhkpar; rNfhjuHfNs!
NjfhNuhf;fpaj;JlDk;>
ew;Rfj;JlDk; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ,f;fbjk; cq;fis te;jila Ntz;Lk; vdg;
gpuhHj;jpf;fpd;Nwhk;. Js;spg; ghAk; Foe;ijfs; kidtpapd; cjl;by; G+f;Fk;
Gd;dif> ez;gHfspd; Nfspf;iffs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kfpo;NthL ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdg;
gpuhHj;jpf;fpNwd;.
,];yhkpar;
rNfhjuHfNs!
vk;kplk;
ew;rpe;jid xd;wpUf;fpwJ. nfhQ;r Neuk; xJf;fp ePq;fs; mjid thrpg;gPHfs; vd
epidf;fpNwhk;. ehk; mjidg; Ngdh ikapdhyy;y> vOjpaJ ,ja ikapdhy; rNfhjuHfNs!
mDkjpg;gPHfsh? nfhQ;rk; ehk; cq;fisf; fz;bj;jhy;!! cq;fs; ,uj;jj;NjhL
fye;jpUf;Fk; Coca Cola itf; fhl;bj; je;jhy;..!
ePq;fs;
nra;Jtpl;ltw;iw ePq;fs; nra;tPHfnsd ehk; vjpHghHf;ftpy;iy. XLfpd;w vq;fs;
,uj;jf; fhl;rpfs; cq;fisf; ftUk; fz;fhl;rpfnsd epidj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. vq;fs;
Atjpfs;> rNfhjhpfs;> gpwH ifapdhy; my;y jk; ifapdhNyNa khAk; fhl;rpfs;
cq;fis kfpo;tpf;Fk; vd epidf;ftpy;iy. Jhuh> <khd;> gpyhy;..>>
Nghd;w gr;rpsq; Foe;ijfspd; uzf; fhl;rpfis fiy uridNahL fz;Lfspj;jpUg;gPHfs; vd
ehk; epidf;ftpy;iy. cq;fsplk; ehk; ,e;jsT kypthdtHfs; vd epidf;ftpy;iy. vk;ikg;
gw;wp Nahrpg;gjpy; $l ePq;fs; cNyhgpfshdPHfs;. mw;gr; rpy;yiwapYkh ePq;fs;
vkf;Ff; fQ;rj;jdk; fhl;LfpwPHfs;? vkf;nfjpuhf A+jDf;F cjTfpd;wPHfs;. vk;ik tplTk;
cq;fSf;F Pepsi Ak; Coca Cola
Tk; ngWkjp kpf;fit vd ehk; njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mnkhpf;ff; NfhGuq;fs; ,be;j Ntis
vOe;j czHr;rpfs; vk; ,uj;jq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; Eiuaha; ,wq;fp tpLk; vd ehk;
epidf;ftpy;iy. rj;jpakha; epidf;ftpy;iy.. .. ePq;fs; ,g;gbr; nra;tPHfs;vd;W
ehk; epidj;jpUf;fNtapy;iy. Vd; njhpAkh? ehk; cq;fis Nerpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,J jhd;
vkJ rpe;jid vOJifapNyNa vj;jid ,uj;jj; Jspfs; kz;iz Kj;jkpl;bUf;Fk; vd ehk; mwpNahk;.
ehk; cq;fisf; f\;lg;gLj;jpapUf;f khl;Nlhk; vd epidf;fpNwhk;. kd;dpAq;fs;.
cq;fisf; f\;lg;gLj;jpapUe;jhy; kPz;Lk; cq;fs; Nfspf;iffspy; %o;Fq;fs;.
epr;rakhf ehk; vkJ ug;ig vk;kplk; fz;L nfhz;Nlhk;. mtd; cq;fSf;F NkypUg;gijf;
fz;Nlhk;. ,J jhd; vkJ top - Gdpjg; NghH!
mjpy;
ntw;wp ,y;iyNay; tPukuzk; !!
(ed;wp
K[;jk/> jkpopy; : igry;).
mnkhpf;f
- ,];Nuypa cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; rpy :
1. Coca Cola
2.
Pepsi
3. McDonalds
cw;gj;jpfs;
4. KFC cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;
5.
Pizza
6.
Nike
7. Adidas
,];Nuy; xU jPtputhjehL
n[dpd; mfjpKfhk; gLnfhiyf;fhd rhl;rpaq;fs;
mz;ikapy;
ghy];jPdj;jpy; n[dpd; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;s mfjp Kfhikj; jhf;fp mjpy;
cs;stHfis $z;NlhL mopj;j nfhLikia ,];Nuy; nra;jJ. ,we;jtHfis vhpj;Jk;>
$l;lkhfg; Gijj;Jk;> jlaq;fNs ,y;yhky; nra;j tuyhw;Wf; nfhLik xd;iw
epfo;j;jpaJ. mq;F ele;j gLnfhiyfs; cyifNa mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. n[dpd; gLnfhiy
njhlHghd rhl;rpaq;fisNah> jfty;fisNah ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj tz;zk; jilfis
,];Nuy; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Vd; mtrug; gphpT kUj;JtHfisNah> gj;jphpf;ifahsHfisNah
vd vtiuANk me;j mfjp Kfhk; gf;fk; neUq;ff; $l tplhky;> rhl;rpaq;fis
mopg;gjpNyNa ,];Nuy; Fwpahf ,Ue;jJ cyfj;jpd; fz;ldj;jpw;Fs;shfpaJ. n[dpd;
Fwpj;J rpy Kf;fpag; gpuKfHfs; njhptpj;j fUj;Jf;fis ,q;F jUfpd;Nwhk;. ,J xd;Nw
,];Nuy; jPtputhj ehL vd mwptpg;gjw;Fg; NghJkhd rhl;rpaq;fshf cs;sd.
William
Burns -
(kj;jpa fpof;fpw;fhd mnkhpf;fj; J}JtH).
ehk;
fhz;gJ gaq;fu kdpj mopnthd;iwNa vd epidf;fpd;Nwd;. n[dpd; Kfhkpy; ele;Njwpa
rk;gtq;fs;> mg;ghtp ghy];jPdg; nghJkf;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa Jd;gj;ij
tpistpj;Js;sJ. (Reuters 20/4/2002)
Migvel Angel
- (INuhg;gpa A+dpad;
J}JtH)
ehd;
nghpJk; mjpHr;rp mile;Js;Nsd;. ehd; fz;ltw;iwg; gw;wpa kpfg; nghpa kdg;gjpit
Rke;J nry;fpd;Nwd;. ,J xU JaH epiwe;j kdpj mopNt!
n[dpYs;s
gy];jPd mfjp Kfhkpd; mopT> kj;jpa rkhjhd J}JtHfspd; Kaw;rpfspd; Njhy;tpiaNa
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,t;thwhd
epfo;Tfis jtpHg;gjw;fhfTk;> ,g;gFjpapy; rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; XahJ
Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;idg;Nghd;w kdpjHfSf;F ,JxU Njhy;tpNa! vjpHfhyj;jpy;
,ij tpl mjpfkhf ehk; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. (AFP
29/4/2002)
Terje Roed -
Larsen – (I.eh.
tpd; tpNr\ J}jH)
,J
Kw;WKOjhf> Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahjJk;> ek;g KbahjJkhd Nfhu epfo;thFk;. mJ
(n[dpd;) KojhfNt mopf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. xU G+fk;gk; jhf;fpaopj;jJ Nghy; fhl;rp
jUfpd;wJ.
gjpndhU
jpdq;fshf NjLjy; Fof;fSf;Fk;> kPl;Gf; Fof;fSf;Fk ,];Nuy; muR tu
mDkjpf;fhjpUe;jJ ve;j tpjj;jpYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahjnjhd;whFk;. ,J kdpj
ePjpf;Fg; nghUe;jhjnjhU tprakhFk;.
Aj;jg;
gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;Fk;> G+fk;gk; epfo;e;j gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;W te;j epGzHfs;
vk;kplk; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. vdpDk;> ,J Nghd;w XH mopit ehk; fz;ljpy;iy vd
mtHfs; $Wfpd;whHfs;. (BBC18/4)
Peter Hansen (ghy];jPd mfjpfSf;fhd
I.eh.MizahsH n[duy;)
Nkw;Ff;
fiuapypUe;j mfjp Kfhik ,];Nuy; cz;ikapNyNa Kw;whf mopj;J tpl;lJ. mq;F ,lk;
ngw;w gaq;fu kdpj mopit gy];jPd re;jjpfs; gy epidtpy; itj;jpUf;Fk;. n[dpdpy;
fz;lJ Nghd;w kdpj Jauj;ij ehd; xU NghJk; fz;ljpy;iy.
n[dpDf;F
vd;Dld; te;j ];tp]; ehl;ilr; NrHe;j epyeLf;f Ma;thsH $l jpifj;J tpl;lhH. fle;j
gy jrhg;jq;fshf ,J Nghd;wNjhH mopit cyfpd; vg;gFjpapYk; jhd; fz;ljpy;iy vdf;
$wpdhH. ,k;kdpjg; gLnfhiyfs; kdpj epidtpypUe;J vd;Wk; mfyhJ vd epidf;fpd;Nwd;.
gy];jPd re;jjpfs; gy ,tw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij itj;jpUf;Fk;. (AFP)
28/4
Yaffa
Yarkoni -
(Njrg;gw;Wg;ghly;fSf;F NgHNghd ,];Nuy; ghlfH)
KJFf;Fg;
gpd;dhy; jk; iffs; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j gy];jPd rlyq;fis ehd; fz;l NghJ> ehd;
$wpNdd; : n`hNyhNfh];l; (n[Hkdpapy; A+jHfs; eh]pfshy; mopf;fg;gl;l epfo;T)
fspd; NghJ mtHfs; vkf;Fr; nra;jJ Nghy; ,J ,Uf;fpwJ. ehk; N`hNyhNfh];l;ilj;
jhz;batHfs;. vk;khy; ,g;gbg;gl;l tpraj;ij vt;thW nra;a Kbe;jJ? (Independent
3/5)
Francis
Wurtz (10
INuhg;gpa A+dpad; ehLfisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; 19 A+Nuh. f;fSf;fhd
Ngr;rhsH)
Aj;jf;
Fw;wr; nray;fSf;fhd rfy; milahsq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Kw;whf rfpf;f Kbahj G+r;rpa
epiyf;F mJ miuf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. VJk; kPjpapy;iy. jpl;lkplg;gl;l mopT Ntiy>
JaH epiwe;j kdpj mopT. (AFP)
Gavier
Zuniga - Amnesty
(gpuhe;jpag; gzpg;ghsH)
kdpj
chpik kPwy;fSf;Fk; kdpjhgpkhd rl;lq;fspd; gaq;fu kPwy;fSf;Fkhd ek;gj;jFe;j
Mjhuq;fs; nfhs;s KbAkhd NghHf; Fw;wr; nray;fs;> rl;l tpNuhj nfhiyfs;>
nfhiyfhug; gilapd; mghpjkhd nraw;ghL> n`ypfhg;lHfshy; jhf;Fjy; Muk;gpf;F Kd;
vr;rhpf;if VJk; nfhLf;fg;glhik...
n[dpd;
mfjp Kfhkpy; ,];Nuy; gilapdhpd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fSf;fhd Mjhuq;fs;! jLj;J
epWj;jg;gl;l gy];jPdHfis kdpjf; Nflaq;fshfg; gad;gLj;jpaik> n[dpdpy; rHtNjr
rl;lq;fs; gLgaq;fukhf kPwg;gl;Ls;sd vd;W G+Hthq;f mbg;gilapy; ehk; KbT
nra;Js;Nshk;. NghHf; Fw;wr; nray;fs; Fwpj;J ehk; Ngrp tUfpd;Nwhk;. (Yahoo.com3/5)
Peter
Boukaert - (kdpj
chpik fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpd; %j;j Ma;thsH)
ehk;
n[dpdpy; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;s mj;JkPwy;fs; kpfj; jPtpukhdit. rpy rk;gtq;fspy;>
mit NghHf; Fw;wr; nray;fshfj; njd;gLfpd;wd. mNef ghuJ}ukhd kPwy;fSf;F jdpegH
nghWg;ig CH[pjk; nra;tjw;F Fw;wg; Gydha;Tfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ,];Nuypa murpd;
Kjy; Kf;fpa flik ,JthFk;.
kpfg;
gutyhd jpl;lkplg;gl;l> Ntz;Lnkd;Nw nra;ag;gl;l KO khtl;lj;ijAk;
jiukl;lkhf;Ffpd;w nray;. ,J ,];Nuy; mila epidj;j ,uhZt Nehf;Ff;Fg; nghUe;jhj
mj;JkPwy; vd;gJ njspT.
(,it
ek;gj; jFe;j ,izaj; jsq;fis Mjhukhff; nfhz;l jfty;fs; - ed;wp : vq;fs; Njrk;)
,];Nuy; Njhd;wpa ,op tuyhW
·
A+jHfs; egp ]fhpa;ah (miy) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;fpwhHfs;.
·
kfd; a`;ah (miy) mtHfisAk; nfhiy nra;fpwhHfs;.
·
gpd;dH egp <]h (miy) mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;a
Kaw;rpf;fpwhHfs;.
fp.gp. 70
cNuhk
Ml;rpf;nfjpuhf A+jHfs; Gul;rp nra;fpwhHfs;. cNuhkr; rf;futHj;jp ill];>
mtHfis mlf;fp> ehl;il tpl;Lk; Juj;jp tpLfpwhH. A+jHfspd; ePz;l fhy (2000
tUl) ntspNaw;wk; (Diaspora) ,jpypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ.
fp.gp.118-138
A+jHfs;
kPs tu mDkjpf;fg;gl;Lk;> mtHfs; te;J fp.gp.133 y; kPz;Lk; Gul;rp
nra;fpwhHfs;. ,jdhy; gy];jPd; efuk; Kw;whf mopf;fg;gLfpwJ. A+jHfs;
tpul;lg;gl;lNjhL mbikfshfTk; tpw;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;.
fp.gp. 638
muG
K];ypk;fs; gy];jPdj;ijf; ifg;gw;WfpwhHfs;. fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Neubahf te;J
n[&]j;jpd; jpwT Nfhiyf; ifaspf;fpwhHfs;. ,ilapy; (1099 Kjy; 1187 tiu) rpYit
Aj;j tPuHfspd; Ml;rpf;F n[U]yk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ jtpHe;j Vida fhyq;fspy;>
cJkhdpa rhk;uh[;ak; (,Wjp fpyhgj;) KbTf;F tUk; tiu (1924) K];ypk;fspd; G+kpahf
gy];jPdk; ,Ue;J te;jJ.
fp.gp. 1896
INuhg;gpa
ehLfspy; A+j ,dj;Jf;F vjpuhd eltbf;iffspd; tpisit Kd;dpWj;jp vOj;jhsd; jpNahlH
N`H]y;> A+jHfSf;fhd xU G+kp Njit vd typAWj;jpdhd;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy;
Rtpl;]Hyhe;jpy; A+jj;jiytHfSk; jdte;jHfSk;> mwpQHfSk; xd;W $b KjyhtJ
]pNahdpr fhq;fpu]; khehl;ilf; $l;b>gy];jPdpy; A+j jhafk; miktJ gw;wp
Kd;nkhope;jdH.
fp.gp.1903
,e;j
Mz;L tiu 25 Mapuk; A+jHfs; gy];jPdpy; gbg;gbahff; FbNawpdH.
fp.gp.1914
,e;j
Mz;Lf;Fs; kw;nwhU 40 Mapuk; NgH gy];jPdpw;Fs; cl;Gfe;jdH
fp.gp.1922
,e;j
Mz;by; 11 rjtPjkhNdhH A+jHfshapdH.
mLj;j
15 tUlj;Jf;Fs; 3 ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhNdhH jpl;lkpl;Lf; FbNaw;wg;gl;ldH
fp.gp.1916
(Sykes-picot) irf;]; gpnfhl; ,ufrpa cld;gbf;if :
gphpl;lDf;Fk; gpuhd;Rf;Fk; ,ilapy; u\;ahtpd; rk;kjj;Jld; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;lJ. ,J
cJkhdpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; fPopUe;j rphpah> <uhf;> nygdhd;> gy];jPd;
Mfpa muGg; gpuhe;jpaq;fis vt;thW jkf;Fs; $WNghl;Lf;nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpaNj.
,Nj
fhy fl;lj;jpy; vfpg;jpypUe;j gphpl;lhdpa fkp\dH n`d;wp kf;kNfhd; cJkhdpa
Ml;rpapd; fPopUe;j muG khfhzq;fSf;F Rje;jpuk; toq;f ngha; thf;FWjpaspj;jhH.
fp.gp.1917
ngy;/NghH
(Balfour)
gpufldk; : 2-11-1917 MHjH N[k;]; ngy;NghH gphpj;jhdpa ntspAwTr; nrayhsH
gphpj;jhdpa A+j r%fj; jiytuhd Nyhl; nuhj; iry;l; Lf;F mDg;gpa fbjk; xd;wpd;
%yk; A+j Njrpa jhafk; gw;wpa cWjp nkhopia toq;fpdhH.
gy];jPdpy;
A+j kf;fSf;fhf xU Njrpa jhafj;ij mikg;gij Nkd;ik jq;fpa murhpd; murhq;fk;
rhjfkhf Nehf;FfpwJ. ,e;j Nehf;if mile;J nfhs;s cjTtjw;F jk;khyhd midj;J
Kaw;rpfisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis gy];jPdpy; thOk; A+juy;yhj r%fq;fspd;
FbAhpik> kj chpikfis ghjpf;ff; $ba my;yJ Vida ehLfspy; A+jHfs; mDgtpf;Fk;
chpikfs;> murpay; me;j];Jfisg; ghjpf;ff; $ba vjidAk; Nkw; nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;w
Ghpe;jzHitAk; Kd; itf;fpd;wJ.
fp.gp.1918 gphpl;lhd; gy];jPidf; ifg;gw;wpaJ
fp.gp. 1929
mugpfSf;Fk;
A+jHfSf;FkpilNa Nghuhl;lk; Jtq;FfpwJ. 133 A+jHfs; mugpfspd; jhf;Fjy;fSf;F
cs;shdhHfs;. mNj Ntis gphpl;ld; Nghyp]; gil 110 ghy];jPdHfisf; nfhd;wJ.
fp.gp.1930
,uz;lhk;
cyf Aj;jj;Jf;F Kd; INuhg;ghtpy; eh]pfshy; A+jHfSf;F vjpuhf Jd;GWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJk; mtHfs; gy];jPid Nehf;fp ghhpa mstpy; mDg;gg;gl;ldH.
,j;jpl;lkpl;l FbNaw;wj;Jf;F vjpuhf gy];jPdHfs; NghHf; nfhb J}f;f Muk;gpj;jdH.
fp.gp.1936
gy];jPdHfs;
nghJ Ntiy epWj;jk; xd;iw Nkw;nfhz;ldH. ,Nj fhyj;jpy; A+jHfspd; gaq;futhj
,af;fkhd ,Hfd; (Irgun) Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. ,J gy];jPd;> gphpj;jhdpa ,yf;Ffis Fwp
itj;jjhf mike;jJ.
fp.gp.1937
Nyhl;gPy;
jiyikapy; gphpl;lhdpa ,uh[ Mizf;FO gy];jPdpd; 1/3 gFjpia A+j ehlfTk; kpFjpia
muG ehlhftk; gphpf;fg; gpNuhpj;jJ. gy];jPdHfNsh A+jf; FbNaw;wj;ij
epWj;Jk;gbAk;> gy];jPd; xNu ehlhf ,Uf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; rpWghd;ik r%fj;jpdhpd;
chpikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; vdTk; $wp gphptpidia vjpHj;Jg; Gul;rp nra;jhHfs;.
gphpj;jhdpag; gilfshy; mg; Gul;rp mlf;fg;gl;lJ
fp.gp.1947
gy];jPdpd;
epHthfg; nghWg;ig gphpj;jhdpaHfs; tpl;Lr; nry;y Maj;jkhfp gpur;rpidia
I.eh.Tf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdH. gy];jPd; I.eh. tpd; Nkw;ghHitf;Fs; nfhz;L
tug;gl;lJ. I.eh. rig gy];jPid ,U$whf;Fk; Mnyhridia Kd;itj;jJ. mjd;gb 43.53
rjtPj epyg;gug;G gy];jPdHfSf;Fk; 56.47 rjtPj epyg;gug;G A+jHfSf;Fk; nry;tjhdy; gy];jPdHfs; mjid Vw;f kWj;jhHfs;. A+jHfs; mjid Mjhpj;jdH.
fp.gp.15.5.1948
,jidaLj;J
15.5.1948 y; ,];Nuy; ehL gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vfpg;J>rphpah>nygdhd; Mfpa
mz;il ehLfs; mjw;nfjpuhfg; gilnaLg;G elj;jp Njhy;tp fz;ld. ,];Nuy; I.eh.
toq;ftpUe;j vy;iyfis tpl mjpfkhf Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.
fp.gp.1949
I.eh.
jpl;lj;jpw;F NkYk; rpy epyg;gFjpfis ,];Nuy; Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.
fp.gp.1956
fkhy;
mg;Jy; ehrH vfpg;jpd; [dhjpgjpahf MdTld; rphpa ,uhZtj;Jld; jkJ ,uhZtj;ij
,izj;jJld; Ra]; fhy;thia Njrpakakhf;fpdhH.
,jid
vfpg;J> ,q;fpyhe;J> gpuhd;]; Mfpa ehLfSld; ,];NuYk; ,ize;J 29.10.1956 y;
rpdha; jPgfw;gj;Jf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jd. rHtNjr mOj;jk; fhuzkhf ,];Nuy; rpdha;
ghiytdj;ijf; iftpl;lJ. ,q;fpyhe;J> gpuhd;]; gilfs; jpUg;gpaiof;fg;gl;ld.
fp.gp.1964
gy];jPd
tpLjiy ,af;fk; (PLO) Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,];Nuiy mopj;J jkJ G+kpia kPl;fg;
NghtjhfTk;> jhNk ghy];jPdHfspd; Vfg; gpujpepjp vdTk; ahrpHmughj; $wpdhH.
fp.gp.1967
mz;il
muGehLfs; ,];Nuy; kPJ NghH njhLj;jd. MW ehl;fs; ePbj;j Aj;jj;jpy; ,];Nuy;
vfpg;jpd; rpdha;g; ghiytdj;ijAk; kw;Wk; n[&]yk; gioa efiuAk; ifg;gw;wpf;
nfhz;lJ. 1967 f;F Ke;jpa vy;iyf;Fs; ,];Nuy; kPs Ntz;Lk; vd I.eh. jPHkhdk; (242)
epiwNtw;wpaJ
fp.gp.1973
A+jHfspd;
ngUehshd Nahd; fpg;G md;W (mf;NlhgH 6) rphpahTk;> vfpg;Jk; ,];NuYf;nfjpuhf
kPz;Lk; xU Aj;jj;ij Muk;gpj;jd. ,e;j jpBH jhf;Fjypd; NghJ vfpg;J> 1967 y;
(MW ehs; Aj;jj;jpy;) jhd; ,oe;j ngUk; gFjpfis kPz;Lk; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lJ.
fp.gp.1979
Nfk;g;
Nltpl; cld;gbf;if. mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp [pk;kp fhHlH Kd;dpiyapy;> vfpg;jpa
[dhjpgjp md;tH rjhj;Jf;Fk; ,];Nu; gpujkH (Kd;dhs; gaq;futhj ,af;fj; jiytd;)
nkdhnrk; ngfpDf;Fkpilapy; XH cld;ghL ifnaOj;jplg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk;> vfpg;J
,];Nuypd; ,Ug;ig mq;fPfhpj;J> ,oe;j rpdha; ghiytdj;ij kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lJ.
fp.gp.1982
nygdhdpypUe;j
I.eh. mfjpKfhk;fshd rg;uh> rj;jpyh Mfpatw;Ws; A+j ,uhZtk;> jw;Nghija
gpujkuhd Vhpay; \Nuhdpd; jiyikapy; GFe;J ehrfhu Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;L mfjpfisf;
nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ.
fp.gp.1987
A+jf;
FbNaw;wq;fs; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; njhlHe;j epiyapy;
PLO Tk; gykpoe;J gy
ehlfspypUe;Jk; tpul;lg;gl;l epiyapy;> nygdhdpy; mfjp Kfhk;fs; kpUfj;jdkhf
jhf;fg;gl;l mjpHr;rpapy;> gy];jPd K];ypk;fs; jkJ kf;fs; Nghuhl;lkhd
,d;jpghoh it gy];jPDf;Fs; Muk;gpj;jdH.
fp.gp.1993
1993
M];Nyh gpufldk; :
mnkhpf;f
nts;is khspifapy; itj;J ngUk; Muhtuj;Jld; ,];NuYf;Fk;>
PLO f;Fk; ,ilapy;
ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l gpufldk; xU epue;ju cld;gbf;ifahf ,Wjp tiu
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; rpy rk;gtq;fs; NkNyhl;lkhf ele;Njwpd.
·
gy];jPdHfSf;Fk; rpy epyg;gug;G (Nkw;Ff; fiu> fh]hg; gFjp)
ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ
·
gy];jPd mjpfhu rig PNA cUthf;fg;gl;L ahrH mughj; [dhjpgjp vd
gl;lk; #l;lg;gl;lhH.
·
gy];jPd NghyP];gil cUthf;fg;gl;L> `kh]; kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa
[p`hj; tPuHfs; eRf;fg;gl;ldH.
milag; ngwhjit :
·
n[&]yj;jpd; me;j];J gw;wp vt;tpj KbTkpy;iy.
·
mfjpfspd; epiygw;wp Kbtpy;iy.
·
gy];jPdpd; vy;iyfs; gw;wp KbT (1967 f;F Kd;Ds;s) ,y;iy.
fp.gp.2000
,jdhy;
nrg;lk;gH 2 k; Mz;by; ,uz;lhtJ ,d;jpghoh (kf;fs; Nghul;lk;) Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
M];Nyh gpufldk; ,aw;if kuzk; va;jpajhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,jidj; njhlHe;J
,];Nuypag; gpujkuhfg; gjtpNaw;w Vhpay; \Nuhd;> 2002 y; n[dpd; mfjp
Kfhk;fspy; kPz;Lk; ntwpahl;lk; elj;jpdhd;.
(ed;wp
: vq;fs; Njrk;).
yad;];> Nuhl;lhp fpsg;Gfspy; mq;fk; tfpf;fpd;wPHfsh?
,e;j
yad;];> Nuhl;lhp Nghd;w mikg;Gfs; gykhd A+j mbj;jsj;ijf; nfhz;l mikg;gpd;
mofpa Kfq;fshFk;.
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